Exploring the Relationship among Self-affirmation, Self- Concept Clarity and Reduced Defensiveness to Threats
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Self-affirmations provide a broader perspective on self-threat.
We present an "affirmation as perspective" model of how self-affirmations alleviate threat and defensiveness. Self-threats dominate the working self-concept, leading to a constricted self disproportionately influenced by the threat. Self-affirmations expand the size of the working self-concept, offering a broader perspective in which the threat appears more narrow and self-worth realigns with b...
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Research on self-affirmation has shown that simple reminders of self-integrity reduce people's tendency to respond defensively to threat. Recent research has suggested it is irrelevant whether the self-affirmation exercise takes place before or after the threat or the individual's defensive response to it, supposedly because the meaning of threats is continuously reprocessed. However, four expe...
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Previous research has suggested that writing about an important person value, compared to writing about a value that is not important, can reduce defensive responding to threats to self, decrease ruminative behavior, and improve academic performance. The current study tests the effects of self-affirmation on a laboratory-based performance intelligence task in college students (N=51). After enga...
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In a series of studies, it is demonstrated that different types of self-affirmation procedures produce different effects. Affirming personally important values (value affirmation) increases self-clarity but not self-esteem. Affirming positive qualities of the self (attribute affirmation) increases self-esteem but not self-clarity (Study 1). As a consequence, attribute affirmation (which increas...
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